Introduction
Bankura
district, nestled in the western part of West Bengal, is a region steeped in
history, culture, and natural beauty. Mentioned in ancient Buddhist Jatakas as
Summhabhumi and in Jain scriptures as part of the Rarh or Larh region, Bankura
has long been recognized as a significant cultural and spiritual center. It
lies between the rugged terrain of the Chotanagpur Plateau and the fertile
plains of Bengal, bordered by Purulia, Bardhaman, Hooghly, and Midnapore
districts. The district is renowned for its terracotta temples, especially in
Bishnupur, and its vibrant tribal heritage reflected in local art, music, and
dance.
History of Bankura District
Bankura Historical Roots trace back to prehistoric times,
with evidence of Chalcolithic settlements around 1000 BCE near the Dwarakeswar
River. The region was once part of the ancient kingdom of Mallabhum, ruled by
the Malla dynasty from the 7th century AD until the British annexation in 1765.
The Malla kings, especially Adi Malla, played a pivotal role in shaping the
district’s cultural identity, promoting Vaishnavism and building the iconic
terracotta temples of Bishnupur. Despite invasions and political changes, the
Malla rulers maintained autonomy for centuries, preserving their traditions and
architectural legacy1.
Geography of Bankura District
Bankura
serves as a geographical bridge between the plains of Bengal and the Chotanagpur
Plateau. The eastern and northeastern parts of the district are characterized
by low-lying alluvial plains, while the western region features undulating
terrain with rocky hillocks and forested areas. The Damodar River flows through
the northern part, contributing to the district’s agricultural fertility. This
diverse topography supports a range of flora and fauna and offers a picturesque
landscape that attracts nature lovers and trekkers alike.
Economy of Bankura District
The
economy of Bankura is primarily agrarian, with agriculture employing a
significant portion of the population. Major crops include rice, wheat,
mustard, and vegetables. The district also has a growing industrial sector,
particularly in handicrafts, textiles, and pottery. Bankura’s terracotta art,
especially the iconic Bankura horse, is internationally acclaimed and
contributes to the local economy. Additionally, small-scale industries and
forest-based livelihoods play a crucial role in sustaining rural communities.
Forest in Bankura District
Bankura
is home to extensive forest cover, particularly in the western and southern
parts of the district. These forests are rich in biodiversity and serve as
vital ecological zones. Sal, teak, mahua, and palash trees dominate the
landscape, providing habitat for wildlife such as deer, wild boars, and various
bird species. The forests also support tribal communities who depend on forest
produce for their livelihood. Conservation efforts have been initiated to
preserve these green zones and promote sustainable forest management.
Tourism in Bankura District
Tourism
in Bankura is a blend of history, spirituality, and nature. The district’s
unique cultural heritage, scenic beauty, and architectural marvels make it a
compelling destination for travelers. From ancient temples to serene forests,
Bankura offers a diverse range of experiences. The local government and tourism
bodies have been actively promoting the region through improved infrastructure
and eco-friendly initiatives.
Pilgrimage Tourism in Bankura District
Bishnupur,
the cultural heart of Bankura, is famed for its terracotta temples built by the
Malla kings. These temples, such as Rasmancha, Jor Bangla, and Madan Mohan, are
masterpieces of Bengal architecture and attract devotees and art enthusiasts
alike. The district also houses several shrines dedicated to Dharmathakur, a
local deity revered by tribal communities. Pilgrimage tourism is further
enriched by festivals and rituals that showcase the spiritual vibrancy of the
region.
Nature Tourism in Bankura District
Nature
tourism thrives in Bankura due to its diverse landscapes and tranquil settings.
Mukutmanipur, located at the confluence of the Kangsabati and Kumari rivers, is
a popular destination known for its dam, reservoir, and scenic beauty. The area
is ideal for boating, picnics, and nature walks. The district’s hills, rivers,
and forests offer ample opportunities for trekking, bird watching, and
photography.
Eco Tourism in Bankura District
Eco-tourism
initiatives in Bankura focus on sustainable travel and community involvement.
Forest resorts, nature camps, and guided treks are organized to promote
responsible tourism. Visitors can explore tribal villages, learn about local
crafts, and participate in cultural exchanges. These activities not only
provide authentic experiences but also support conservation and rural
development.
Susunia
Susunia
Hill, located near Chhatna, is a prominent eco-tourism spot in Bankura. Known
for its ancient rock inscriptions and natural springs, Susunia is a favorite
among trekkers and geologists. The hill is also home to medicinal plants and
rare fossils, making it a site of ecological and historical importance. The
panoramic views from the summit and the peaceful surroundings make Susunia a
must-visit destination.
Biharinath
Biharinath,
the highest hill in Bankura, lies near the border with Purulia. It is revered
as a sacred site and is associated with Lord Shiva. The hill is surrounded by
dense forests and offers trekking trails, picnic spots, and a serene
environment. Biharinath is ideal for spiritual retreats and nature exploration,
attracting both pilgrims and adventure seekers.
Joypur Forest
Joypur
Forest, located near Bishnupur, is a dense woodland area known for its
biodiversity and tranquility. The forest is home to various species of flora
and fauna and serves as a green lung for the region. Nature trails, bird
watching, and forest camping are popular activities here. Joypur Forest is a
testament to Bankura’s commitment to preserving its natural heritage while
promoting eco-tourism.
Bankura
district stands as a vibrant mosaic of history, culture, and nature. Its
ancient roots, artistic legacy, and ecological richness make it a Unique Destination in West Bengal. Whether you're drawn by its
terracotta temples, tribal traditions, or forested hills, Bankura offers an
enriching experience that blends the past with the present.