Kye Monastery: A Timeless Sanctuary of Tibetan Buddhism

 

Kye Monastery, also known as Key Monastery or Ki Monastery, is a prominent Tibetan Buddhist monastery located in the Spiti Valley of Himachal Pradesh, India. Kye monastery is the oldest and biggest Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Spiti valley and located at (4116 m) above Kye village. Established over a millennium ago, Kye Monastery holds deep historical and cultural significance as a center of Buddhist learning, meditation, and spirituality.

The history of Kye Monastery is inextricably linked to the evolution of Tibetan Buddhist practices. Established by the renowned Tibetan scholar and lama, Dromtön Gyalwai Jungné, the monastery quickly became a hub of religious learning and contemplation. Over the centuries, it has attracted devotees and scholars from across the Tibetan Buddhist world, who have come to study under the guidance of its esteemed lineage of teachers.

The methodologies employed at Kye Monastery reflect the rich tapestry of Tibetan Buddhist traditions. The monastery's curriculum encompasses a diverse range of teachings, including the Lamdre (Path and Fruit) tradition, the Chöd (Cutting Through) practice, and the Vajrayāna (Tantric) philosophy. These practices are transmitted through a combination of rigorous academic study, contemplative meditation, and ritualistic observances, all of which are designed to cultivate a deep understanding of the Buddhist principles.

The types of Buddhist practice found within the walls of Kye Monastery are as varied as the individuals who seek refuge there. From the intricate mandalas and thangka paintings that adorn the monastery's halls to the rhythmic chants and ceremonial dances that fill the air, the monastery is a living embodiment of the multifaceted nature of Tibetan Buddhism. Visitors can immerse themselves in the tranquility of the monks' daily rituals, or engage in discussions with the resident scholars on the intricacies of Buddhist philosophy.

As a testament to the enduring strength of Tibetan culture, Kye Monastery stands as a beacon of hope and a reminder of the profound wisdom that can be found in the teachings of the Buddha. Through its commitment to preserving the ancient traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, this hallowed institution continues to inspire and enlighten all who seek to deepen their understanding of the human experience.

Caste System under Hindu Kingdoms

During the early medieval period the relations between all the castes were very cordial and marriages could also take place between them. The caste of an issue was determined according to that of his or her father. India presents a progressive society as compared with the later period of the Medieval Age.

Brahmans were respected the most. They specialised in learning and knowledge. They were also the advisers or the ministers of the king. They were engaged mainly in study, teaching, performing sacrifices and charitable functions. The spread of Buddhism reduced their power. Brahmans were now engaged in business, trade, and also worked as an artist. They enjoyed many facilities denied to other castes for instance they could not be awarded capital punishment.

During the time of the Rigveda (1500 - 1200 BCE), there were two varnas: arya varna and dasa varna. The distinction originally arose from tribal divisions. The Vedic tribes regarded themselves as arya (the noble ones) and the rival tribes were called dasa, dasyu and pani. The dasas were frequent allies of the Aryan tribes, and they were probably assimilated into the Aryan society, giving rise to a class distinction.Many dasas were, however, in a servile position, giving rise to the eventual meaning of dasa as servant or slave.

The Rigvedic society was not distinguished by occupations. Many husbandmen and artisans practised a number of crafts. The chariot-maker (rathakara) and metal worker (karmara) enjoyed positions of importance and no stigma was attached to them. Similar observations hold for carpenters, tanners, weavers and others.

Towards the end of the Atharvaveda period, new class distinctions emerged. The erstwhile dasas are renamed Shudras, probably to distinguish them from the new meaning of dasa as slave. The aryas are renamed vis or Vaishya (meaning the members of the tribe) and the new elite classes of Brahmins (priests) and Kshatriyas (warriors) are designated as new varnas. The Shudras were not only the erstwhile dasas but also included the aboriginal tribes that were assimilated into the Aryan society as it expanded into Gangetic settlements. There is no evidence of restrictions regarding food and marriage during the Vedic period.